https://arunmitra.com/tags/r/ Recent content in R on Arun Mitra Hugo -- gohugo.io en Thu, 04 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/iqraa-data-analysis/ Thu, 04 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/iqraa-data-analysis/ Background The IQRAA workshop series was designed to build practical data analysis skills in R for clinicians and health researchers. It runs across multiple days and progresses from data fundamentals through exploratory data analysis to applied statistical methods, using realistic clinical datasets so participants work on problems close to their own. Approach The series combines Quarto Reveal.js slide decks, demonstration datasets, hands-on exercises, and a participant handbook. https://arunmitra.com/research/hrv-ageing-autonomic/ Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/hrv-ageing-autonomic/ Background Heart rate variability (HRV) — the beat-to-beat fluctuation in heart rate — is a widely used, non-invasive index of cardiac autonomic regulation, and its time- and frequency-domain measures shift with age, sex, and environment. Most reference values in clinical and research use are derived from Western populations, yet autonomic function differs across regions and ethnic groups. This study set out to establish region-specific normative HRV values for a predominantly South Indian population and to characterise how those values vary with age and gender. https://arunmitra.com/research/caesarean-section-nfhs/ Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/caesarean-section-nfhs/ Background Caesarean section rates in India have risen substantially, raising concerns about both under-provision in underserved populations and over-medicalisation in others. These rates are not uniform across the country, and understanding their geographic patterning is essential for targeted policy. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) provides large, nationally representative data well suited to mapping where caesarean delivery is unusually common or uncommon. This study uses NFHS data and spatial analysis to identify geographic clusters of caesarean-section rates across India. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/idm-r-workshop/ Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/idm-r-workshop/ Background This R-based workshop on Infectious Disease Modeling (IDM) was delivered as the Pre-Conference Workshop on Infectious Disease Modeling at JHAPSMCON-2026, organised by AIIMS Deoghar. It is aimed at learners who want to build practical infectious-disease-modeling skills in R through collaborative, small-group modeling activities. Approach The workshop is organised around group activity scripts (group1.R through group4.R), with each group working through a guided infectious-disease-modeling exercise in R. https://arunmitra.com/research/lap-tapp-hernia/ Mon, 15 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/lap-tapp-hernia/ Background Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair is a widely used minimally invasive technique for inguinal-hernia management, and reconstruction of the peritoneal flap is a key step whose technical details may affect closure time and surgeon effort. This collaborator-led, prospective randomised controlled trial protocol, titled “Effect of Needle Orientation and Closure Direction on Peritoneal Flap Reconstruction During TAPP Inguinal Hernia Repair”, sets out to test how needle orientation and closure direction influence peritoneal flap reconstruction. https://arunmitra.com/research/nutrition-sts-intervention/ Thu, 20 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/nutrition-sts-intervention/ Background Anaemia in pregnancy is a major problem in India — NFHS-5 puts the prevalence at 52.2% — and adherence to routine iron–folic acid (IFA) supplementation is often poor because of side effects. Mobile-health (mHealth) tools that support dietary awareness and supplement reminders have been proposed as a way to improve behaviour and outcomes. This study tested whether the NutriAide app (developed by the National Institute of Nutrition), used for daily dietary self-logging, adds measurable benefit over standard antenatal care in anaemic pregnant women. https://arunmitra.com/research/tb-notification-seasonality-india/ Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/tb-notification-seasonality-india/ Background Tuberculosis notifications in India rise and fall over the year, and that seasonality is often read as a property of the disease — transmission, reactivation, or care-seeking shifting with the seasons. But notifications are produced by a reporting system, not just by biology. Campaign drives, working-day patterns, and public-sector reporting behaviour can imprint their own rhythm on the data. This study asks whether India’s apparent TB seasonality is a disease signal or, in part, a reporting artefact. https://arunmitra.com/research/tb-notification-gap-india/ Sat, 01 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/tb-notification-gap-india/ Background India carries the world’s largest tuberculosis burden, and a central challenge for the National TB Elimination Programme is the gap between the TB cases that occur and the cases that are actually notified. National coverage figures hide enormous local variation: some districts notify nearly everyone they should, while others miss a large share of their true burden. This project asks where India misses tuberculosis — at a resolution fine enough to be actionable — and why. https://arunmitra.com/research/dengue-climate-panel/ Sun, 26 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/dengue-climate-panel/ Background Dengue is among the most climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases, with transmission shaped by temperature, rainfall, and humidity that govern mosquito breeding and viral replication. India has experienced a substantial rise in dengue burden in recent decades, concurrent with climatic change. This project, titled “Panel Data Modelling for determining Climate Change impact on Dengue in India from 1997-2022”, examines how climate variability has influenced the dengue burden across Indian states. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/spatial-epidemiology-r/ Sun, 14 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/spatial-epidemiology-r/ Background Spatial epidemiology offers powerful tools for understanding the geographic patterning of health and disease, but practical, code-based training opportunities remain scarce in India. This hands-on workshop targets public-health researchers, epidemiologists, and students, and is delivered by a team of facilitators: Dr. Biju Soman (SCTIMST), Dr. Arun Mitra (AIIMS Bibinagar), Dr. Manikanda Nesan (ICMR-NIE Chennai), and Dr. Adrija Roy. Approach The workshop runs in a structured 4-day format combining lectures with guided coding in R. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/r-for-hta/ Tue, 09 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/r-for-hta/ Background Health technology assessment (HTA) informs decisions about which health technologies to adopt and fund, but it depends on rigorous, reproducible decision-analytic and economic modelling that few clinicians and policy-makers are formally trained to perform. R offers a free, transparent, and fully reproducible environment for building these models end to end. This Workshop on Health Technology Assessment (HTA) using R was designed to give participants practical, code-based skills in health-economic modelling, lowering the barrier to conducting credible HTA. https://arunmitra.com/research/stroke-reperfusion-access/ Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/stroke-reperfusion-access/ Background Acute ischaemic stroke is a time-critical emergency in which reperfusion therapy, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), must be delivered within a narrow therapeutic window to salvage brain tissue. In a country as large and geographically heterogeneous as India, the practical benefit of these treatments depends not only on whether capable centres exist but on whether patients can physically reach them in time. This study asks a simple but consequential question: what share of India’s population actually lives within a one-hour drive of a stroke centre equipped to deliver IVT or EVT, and how does that access vary across regions? https://arunmitra.com/research/tb-goa-differentiated-care/ Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/tb-goa-differentiated-care/ Background India’s National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) has set an ambitious elimination target, yet Goa has reported a persistently high TB death rate, around 9% in 2023 against roughly 4.2% nationally. Diabetes, alcohol use, and loss to follow-up are commonly cited as drivers, but concrete local evidence has been limited. This project applies data-science and epidemiological methods to NTEP (Ni-kshay) records to characterise TB notification, comorbidity, and differentiated-care patterns in the state. https://arunmitra.com/research/stroke-prehospital-delay/ Tue, 27 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/stroke-prehospital-delay/ Background Timely arrival at a stroke-capable facility is critical for access to reperfusion therapies, yet prehospital delay remains a major barrier to effective acute stroke care, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. This project synthesises the published evidence on the factors associated with delay in reaching care after stroke onset. Understanding these determinants is essential for designing interventions to shorten the time from symptom onset to treatment. https://arunmitra.com/research/antenatal-mental-health/ Tue, 01 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/antenatal-mental-health/ Background Common mental health disorders in pregnancy, particularly anxiety and depression, are frequently under-detected in routine antenatal care despite their consequences for maternal and child outcomes. This collaborator-led clinical study screened pregnant women attending a tertiary care centre in Telangana to estimate the burden of antenatal anxiety and depression and to characterise the referral cascade for those screening positive. Approach A cross-sectional design was used, with anxiety screened via the GAD-7 and depression via the PHQ-9, scored into standard severity bands (minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe, severe). https://arunmitra.com/research/rop-maternal-nutrition/ Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/rop-maternal-nutrition/ Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of preventable childhood visual impairment, with the burden shifting increasingly toward low- and middle-income countries. While prematurity and supplemental oxygen are the most established risk factors, upstream antenatal determinants such as maternal nutritional status may also shape fetal retinal vascular development and neonatal outcomes. This study examines whether maternal anthropometry is associated with the key neonatal determinants of ROP risk in an Indian tertiary NICU setting, where maternal undernutrition and high preterm birth rates coexist. https://arunmitra.com/research/deers-diagnostic-accuracy/ Sat, 01 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/deers-diagnostic-accuracy/ Background Endometrial cancer requires early and accurate diagnosis, but the gold standard, histopathological examination (HPE) of an endometrial biopsy, is invasive and uncomfortable. The DEERS imaging test (Diseases of Endometrium – Evaluation and Risk Scoring) is a novel technology offering real-time visualization and classification of endometrial tissue. This study rigorously evaluates its diagnostic performance against HPE. Approach This retrospective analytical study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Telangana among 309 women with abnormal uterine bleeding. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/ai-for-statistical-analysis/ Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/ai-for-statistical-analysis/ Background AI tools are rapidly reshaping how analysts approach statistical work, yet many researchers lack a practical, critical framework for using them well. This workshop was designed for researchers, statisticians, and data scientists who want to understand where AI can responsibly support the statistical analysis workflow. It assumes basic familiarity with R and statistical concepts. Approach The session is delivered as an interactive Quarto Reveal. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/intro-health-data-science/ Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/intro-health-data-science/ Background Public-health students increasingly need data-science skills to make sense of routine and outbreak data, but many begin with no programming background. This foundational teaching module, developed for students at the Institute of Public Health (IPH), introduces health data science from first principles with an emphasis on reproducible, applied analysis. Approach The module is taught in R using the tidyverse, combining structured exercises with collaborative group activities. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/r-workshop-bioengineer/ Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/r-workshop-bioengineer/ Background Getting started with R and reproducible reporting can be a barrier for newcomers who have little or no prior programming experience. This introductory workshop was designed to give participants a gentle, practical first step into R and Quarto, so they can produce clean, reproducible reports from their own analyses. Approach The session is a hands-on, introductory walkthrough that builds a first Quarto document from the ground up. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/nwhda-mangalagiri/ Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/nwhda-mangalagiri/ Background Clinicians and public-health professionals increasingly need to analyse their own data, yet most lack formal training in reproducible, code-based analytics. This National Workshop on Health Data Analytics using R was designed to close that gap, giving practitioners a practical foundation in the modern R toolchain. The event ran as Cohort 2 of the national programme, hosted at AIIMS Mangalagiri. Approach The workshop was delivered over three days of structured, hands-on sessions that combined concept introductions with guided coding in R. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/gis-for-public-health/ Sat, 27 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/gis-for-public-health/ Background Public-health practitioners increasingly need to work with geographic data, yet most have limited exposure to spatial methods. This flagship recurring workshop series introduces GIS and spatial data science to public-health professionals, researchers, and students, using open-source tools and reproducible workflows. No prior GIS experience is assumed. Approach Delivered as a hands-on Quarto-based course built entirely in R, the curriculum moves from foundational concepts of spatial data science to applied analysis. https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/gis-for-epidemiology/ Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/training/workshops/gis-for-epidemiology/ Background Epidemiological data are inherently spatial, yet spatial analysis remains underused in routine practice and training. This workshop equips epidemiologists and public-health researchers with practical spatial methods to map, explore, and analyse disease data, building on classic examples such as the John Snow cholera investigation and modern outbreak datasets. Approach The course is delivered as a Quarto website with structured sessions in R. https://arunmitra.com/research/participatory-data-science-mch/ Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000 https://arunmitra.com/research/participatory-data-science-mch/ Background Tribal primary health centres (PHCs) in India operate within data-rich routine health information systems (RHIS), yet local decision-making for maternal and child health (MCH) remains constrained: data is fragmented, misaligned with local needs, and rarely available in usable, actionable formats. The result is a wide gap between centrally oriented reporting and the ground-level realities of MCH service delivery. This PhD asks how a participatory data-science approach can re-orient routine systems to support PHC-level decisions, transforming under-used data into meaningful, context-specific, and actionable insight.